Hospital-Based Functional Visual Acuity Assessment, Presentation Pattern, and Prospective Evaluation of Refractive Status in Closed-Angle Glaucoma

Abstract

Purpose: To assess functional visual acuity, presentation pattern and refractive status in angle-closure glaucoma in Bihar region.

Methods: This prospective study was conducted over a period of 1 year at the Department of Ophthalmology, Darbanga Medical College and Hospital, Laheriasarai, Darbanga, Bihar, India. Patients were informed about the study. The patient's consent was obtained through a face-to-face interview at the hospital, including the patient's age, gender, occupation, and educational background. Primary angle-closure glaucoma is defined as a case in which intraocular pressure is greater than 35 mmHg in the presence of typical glaucomatous optic disc changes according to the angle of closure in anterior chamber gonioscopy.

Results: Of 100 respondents, 44% were right eye sighted, 19% advanced visual field defect, 14% excellent visual field defect, 5% inferior visual field defect, 9% normal eye patch, and 9% good visual field defect. Of the 100 patients, 32% of the left eye had left visual field, 17% had advanced visual field defect, 13% had normal cupped visual field, 11% had excellent visual field defect, 11% had temporal islet visual field, 8% had nasal stage, and 10 % can't do it because of poor eyesight. Of 100 patients, 52% had tritan deficiency in right eye, 42% left eye, 11% dutran deficiency in right eye, 17% left eye, 2% bilateral propane deficiency, 4% only blue defect. Right eye 2%, left eye 2%, right eye 2% yellow defect only, left eye 9%, right eye 21% normal color vision, left eye 20%, unable to rest due to reduced visual acuity.

CONCLUSIONS: Most PACG patients have hyperopia. It is most often manifested by late visual field defect, severe intraocular pressure, late glaucomatous changes, decreased contrast sensitivity in both eyes, and trichromatic abnormality. Prognosis of the disease can be prevented through prompt identification of risk factors, early diagnosis, appropriate investigation, and appropriate management.